Monday, 13 January 2025

The Death of Lot’s Wife: the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah

The Bible states that Lot’s wife was turned into a pillar of salt when she stopped   running and looked back at the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah and the plane        in which these cites stood.

Gen. 19: 24 -26

כד  וַיהוָה, הִמְטִיר עַל-סְדֹם וְעַל-עֲמֹרָה--גָּפְרִית וָאֵשׁ:  מֵאֵת יְהוָה, מִן-הַשָּׁמָיִם.

24 Then the LORD caused to rain upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the LORD out of heaven;

כה  וַיַּהֲפֹךְ אֶת-הֶעָרִים הָאֵל, וְאֵת כָּל-הַכִּכָּר, וְאֵת כָּל-יֹשְׁבֵי הֶעָרִים, וְצֶמַח הָאֲדָמָה.

25 and He overthrow those cities, and all the Plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.

כו  וַתַּבֵּט אִשְׁתּוֹ, מֵאַחֲרָיו; וַתְּהִי, נְצִיב מֶלַח.

26 But his wife looked back from behind him, and she became a pillar of salt.

 

Now the transformation of Lot’s wife into a white pillar of salt is most unusual.

In fact, no other time in the entire Tanach is any similar transformation ever again recorded.

It sounds more like a variant of the Greek myth of Medusa, the snake haired woman  who turned anyone who looked at her face into stone.[i]

So, it is not surprising that many non-Orthodox Jews and non-Jews over the centuries have been sceptical that such a transformation occurred.

But such legitimate scepticism should by now have evaporated with the excavations since 1748 of the long-lost Roman towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum in southern   Italy: which were instantly obliterated by fallout from the massive eruption of the volcano, Mount Vesuvius, in 79 A.D.[ii]

In an instant, the volcanic spewn ash, molten debris and gases descended from above  and quickly encrusted everyone in their chemical bath: whether they were just sitting     or relaxing outdoors or while indoors asleep (with windows open) or trying to flee.    And eventually, they were encased in the ensuing lava flow.[iii]

As of now, over 1000 ‘bodies’ have been recovered: people mummified sitting,   sleeping, walking and running. [iv]

 

In the case of Sodom and Gomorrah, no volcano seems to have been involved.      Instead, the seismic event would have been a massive earthquake and further      collapse of the ground under the plain along the Jordan River and Dead Sea.

The Jordan Rift Valley, long the lowest point on Earth, is at the juncture- actually         the gap -- between the African and Arabian tectonic plates.[v]

Records exist of a massive earthquake with a 7.3 magnitude which took place here in 1033 and which is estimated to have killed 70,000 people.[vi]

And it is estimated the valley would instantly drop between 11 feet and 16 feet in        any such major event.[vii] 

A traumatic disruption of the entire land surface like a falling elevator, with a resultant counter upward push of dislocated matter:  Newton’s Third Law.[viii]

While previous scientific estimates believed such massive shifts in the Earth’s crust would occur here only every 10,000 years (which would not align with Sodom and Gomorrah’s destruction in the 18th century BCE [ix]) more recent research has found major earthquakes occur in the Jordan rift valley every 1,300 to 1,400 years.[x]

So, the Bible’s description of the sudden, cataclysmic event refers to a massive earthquake and ‘sinkhole’ which obliterated Sodom and Gomorrah and their Jordan   river surroundings.

The Bible describes the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah and vicinity as follows:

Gen. 19: 23 - 28

כג  הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, יָצָא עַל-הָאָרֶץ; וְלוֹט, בָּא צֹעֲרָה.

 

 

23 The sun was risen upon the earth when Lot came unto Zoar.

כד  וַיהוָה, הִמְטִיר עַל-סְדֹם וְעַל-עֲמֹרָה--גָּפְרִית וָאֵשׁ:  מֵאֵת יְהוָה, מִן-הַשָּׁמָיִם.

 

 

24 Then the LORD caused to rain upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the LORD out of heaven;

כה  וַיַּהֲפֹךְ אֶת-הֶעָרִים הָאֵל, וְאֵת כָּל-הַכִּכָּר, וְאֵת כָּל-יֹשְׁבֵי הֶעָרִים, וְצֶמַח הָאֲדָמָה.

25 and He overthrow those cities, and all the Plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.

כו  וַתַּבֵּט אִשְׁתּוֹ, מֵאַחֲרָיו; וַתְּהִי, נְצִיב מֶלַח.

26 But his wife looked back from behind him, and she became a pillar of salt.

כז  וַיַּשְׁכֵּם אַבְרָהָם, בַּבֹּקֶר:  אֶל-הַמָּקוֹם--אֲשֶׁר-עָמַד שָׁם, אֶת-פְּנֵי יְהוָה.

27 And Abraham got up early in the morning to the place where he had stood before the LORD.

כח  וַיַּשְׁקֵף, עַל-פְּנֵי סְדֹם וַעֲמֹרָה, וְעַל-כָּל-פְּנֵי, אֶרֶץ הַכִּכָּר; וַיַּרְא, וְהִנֵּה עָלָה קִיטֹר הָאָרֶץ, כְּקִיטֹר, הַכִּבְשָׁן.

28 And he looked out toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land of the Plain, and beheld, and, lo, the smoke of the land went up as the smoke of a furnace.

 

During this earthquake and sink upheaval – more accurately a ‘down’ heaval – along with structural debris, mineral salts also must have been spewed up: chemicals for   which the Dead Sea area has long been famous.

 

The Dead Sea is well known for its unique saltiness and mud rich in chemicals for medical treatment of skin conditions: especially magnesium, potassium, calcium, bromine[xi] and sulphur.[xii]l

As well, its southern part has also long been known for its many natural tar or    bitumen pits which were used as sources of asphalt for centuries.[xiii]

These tar pits are mentioned in Gen. Ch 14 (verses 3, 8 and 10) as being in the Valley    of Siddim, also called the Valley of the Dead Sea (Hebrew Salt Sea) in Gen. 14:3 and thereafter in 2 Kings 14: 7.[xiv]

As such, any massive earthquake and ‘sinkhole’ event which obliterated Sodom and Gomorrah and their vicinity – now believed buried under the south portion of the      Dead Sea,[xv] would also have spewed up into the atmosphere chemicals and salts of   the area, and readily flammable tar.   

Which would return earthward soon thereafter.

Brimstone and Fire  (Gen. 19:24)

Brimstone is the ancient name for sulphur,[xvi] a chemical found in the mud of the    Dead Sea.

Sulphur is highly flammable and so too the tar of the vicinity’s pits.

Once heaved up due to the earthquake, they would have returned to earth as the     sulphur and burning fire “from above” as stated in verse 24.

 

Smoke rising like from a furnace (Gen. 19: 28)

When Abraham the next day looked out toward the ‘remains’ of Sodom and     Gomorrah, all was enveloped in a rising smoke like from a furnace.

Again, the predictable result of burning tar, burning wooden structures as they   collapsed, and the chemical salts and sulfur of the valley of the Dead Sea.

 

So, the Bible’s text is consistent with what is now known of the area, its geology and chemical composition.

 

Lot’s wife’s transformation

If someone is too close when these spewed up chemicals start to land: during the earthquake and rift valley collapse, he or she would be showered with this deadly, toxic chemical bath and instantly mummified as where the people of Pompeii and Heracleum noted above.

Lot’s wife, though originally able to leave before disaster struck the city and plane,       on hearing the noise of the apocalyptic destruction,n stopped running, turned to look  and while mesmerized by what she saw, was embalmed in the caustic chemicals of this  event: just like the people of Pompeii and Heracleum.

Transformed into a white, encrusted pillar of salt for staying too long, too close.   




   

    







[vii] Ibid.

[ix] See the Jewish chronology chart at Chabad.org, “Timeline of Jewish history”


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