Monday, 18 March 2013

Understanding Biblical criticism


The various schools of Biblical Criticism, also called Historical Criticism, are based on a number of assumptions:

 

1.       There is no God, gods or goddesses. 

2.        Consequently, there is no possibility of any divine communication with mankind.

3.       There is no such thing as divine prophecy of future events.  Any text accurately predicting a future event was written after the event.

 

4.       Biblical ‘facts’ are not to be trusted unless corroborated by outside sources and archaeology.

 

5.       Outside of ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, the rest of the Fertile Crescent, the lands between these two cornerstones of Ancient World civilization, were backwaters with primitive and uneducated peoples – incapable of conceiving monotheism or alphabet writing.

 

6.        The Chumash is a compilation of four (or more) separate themes combined into a ‘single text’ by a Great Redactor sometime in the Second Temple era.  The separate pieces cover: myths and folklore about the creation of the world and early human history; a history of the Jews from Abraham to crossing the Jordan; priestly sacrifice rules and regulations; and a synoptic, last  volume, Deuteronomy (Devarim in Hebrew)which recaps the time from the Enslavement in Egypt and Exodus to Moses last days.

 

7.       The Chumash melds together traditions from two different religions as evidenced by the use of two distinctly different names for the divine  --  Elohim (a plural) and the 4 letter name YHVH.

 

While points #1 and #2 are often not explicitly stated, the rest are well attested.

And put simply, any text referring to “the word of God” (or gods) are seen as human documents and pious frauds.

 

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See for example Wikipedia on Julius Wellhausen (1844 –1918) and biblical criticism

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